Prevalence of eating out and its association with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Hebei Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of eating out among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Hebei Province, and to explore the association between eating out and overweight/obesity.@*Methods@#Data came from Children and Nurse Nutrition Health Monitoring of China during 2016-2017. Questionnaire surveys and anthropometric measures was conducted among 3 330 children aged 6-17 in 12 survey sites. Multivariate Logistics stepwise regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of eating out and the relationship between eating out and overweight/obesity.@*Results@#The proportion of eating out was 16.19%, and the rate of overweight and obesity was 29.43%. Multivariate analysis showed that the older children (junior high school students:OR=1.36; high school students:OR=3.57, both P<0.05) and adolescents from highincome families (10 000~<20 000 CNY:OR=1.48; ≥20 000 CNY:OR=2.93, both P<0.05) were more likely to eat out. Children and adolescents living in rural areas (OR=0.20, P<0.01), nononlychild (OR=0.76, P=0.02), day school students (OR=0.21, P<0.01), and the primary caregivers of the elderly (OR=0.69, P=0.03) were less likely to eat out. In addition, eating out was statistically associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=1.31, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Eating out is common among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Hebei Province. Residency, age, household income, onechild family, boarding and and eating out behaviors of primary caregivers are associated with eating out among children and adolescents. Eating out may increase the risk of overweight/obesity in children.

Effect of Modified Buyang Huanwu Tang on Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation After Percutaneous Foramen Endoscopy Based on Collateral Disease Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Buyang Huanwu Tang on patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) after percutaneous foramen endoscopy by the collateral disease theory, and its effect on inflammatory factors and pain-inducing mediators. Method::One hundred and forty-four patients were randomly divided into control group (72 cases) and observation group (72 cases) by random number table. Both groups’ patients were treated with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD), and symptomatic treatment dehydration and anti-inflammation were also given to those patients after the operation. Patients in observation group got modified Buyang Huanwu Tang, 1 dose/day. The course of treatment was 4 weeks, and a 12-week fellow-up was recorded. Before the operation and at the 3rd day, the 4th and 16th week after the operation, scores of visual analogue score of pain degree (VAS) were recorded. And before the operation and at the 1st, 4th and 16th week after the operation, scores of dysfunction index (ODI) of Oswestry were recorded. Failed back surgery syndrome of LDH was recorded during 16 weeks after the operation. And Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) and Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were scored. And the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and serotonin (5-HT) were all detected, and the effect was assessed by improved Macnab. Result::At the 1st day and the 1st, 4th and 16th week after treatment, scores of VAS were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). And at the 1st, 4th and 16th week after treatment, scores of ODI were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). The rate of incidence was 18.06%(13/72), which was lower than 37.5%(27/72) in control group (χ2=6.784, P<0.01). Scores of the total JOA and subjective symptoms, objective signs and daily activities were all higher than those in control group (P<0.01). And scores of symptom scores and total scores of deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). After treatment, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2, TXB2 and 5-HT were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). According to the rank sum test, the effect of modified Macnab was better than that in control group (Z=2.151, P<0.05). Conclusion::Based on Luobing theory, modified Buyang Huanwu Tang can alleviate pain and other symptoms, promote the recovery of lumbar vertebral function, inhibit the expressions of inflammatory factors and pain-causing mediators, alleviate the residual symptoms after recent operation, reduce the incidence of FBSS, promote the rehabilitation of patients after operation, and improve the efficacy.

The influence of gestational age and postnatal age on neonatal cerebrospinal fluid parameters / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the influence of gestational age (GA) and postnatal age on neonatal cerebrospinal fluid parameters.Method From January 2013 to December 2015,the results of WBC counts,glucose and protein concentrations of cerebro-spinal fluid(CSF) were collected from neonates admitted to neonatal department of our hospitals.The neonates were assigned into different groups according to their GA and postnatal age.The CSF parameters were compared between different groups,and the changes of CSF parameters were analyzed.STATA 12.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Result A total of 1 410 infants were included.516 (36.6％) cases were preterm infants.1 208 cases (85.7％) received antibiotics before lumbar puncture.WBC counts in CSF between preterm and term infants showed no significant differences (upper reference limit,12.5 × 106/L).CSF glucose in term infants (lower reference limit,1.8 mmol/L) was higher than preterm infants (lower reference limit,1.6 mmol/L).CSF protein in preterm infants (upper reference limit,226.6 mg/ dl) was significantly higher than term infants (upper reference limit,140.3 mg/dl).CSF WBC counts decreased with the growth of postnatal age in preterm infants (regression coefficients-0.030,P=0.035).CSF protein also declined significantly with the increase of postnatal age in term infants (regression coefficients-1.254,P＜0.001).CSF glucose showed no significant decrease with the increase of postnatal age (regression coefficients-0.009,P=0.012).Conclusion GA and postnatal age did not produce an effect on WBC counts of CSF.The preterm infants had lower glucose level and higher protein level in CSF.CSF protein declined significantly with the increase of GA and postnatal age.

Research progress of Helicobacter pylori vaccine antigen / 中国免疫学杂志

Helicobacter pylori was separated from gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis patients for the first time in 1983, and it is the only species known to be able to survive in the human stomach. The Urase, Vacuolating cytotoxin, cytotoxin, adhesin, catalase, Outer Inflammatory Protein, duodenal ulcer promoter factor and lipopolysaccharide antigen of HP were reviewed in this paper, so that scholars can understand the recent research situation of HP antigen. The above study lays the foundation for future screening of high efficient antigen and increasing the expression of antigen, and exploring new methods of epitope binding in HP epitope vaccine.

Clinical features of neonatal purulent meningitis caused by different pathogens / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical features of neonatal purulent meningitis (NPM caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Method From January 2008 to December,2015,the clinical data of NPM with positive cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) culture admitted to Children's Hospital of Fudan University were reviewed retrospectively.Patients were assigned into Gram-positive group and Gramnegative group according to CSF culture,and general information,clinical presentation,laboratory examination and outcome were compared between the two groups.Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test was used to compare means.Proportions were compared using x2 test.Result A total of 82 NPM patients with positive CSF culture were enrolled in the study,and 44 (53.7％) were male.The average gestational age was 38.5 (35.6,39.6) weeks and the mean birth weight was 3100 (2600,3380) grams.16 (19.5％) cases were early-onset meningitis and 66 (80.5％) were late-onset.In 82 cases,43 (52.4％) showed Gram-positive bacteria and 39 (47.6％) Gram-negative in CSF culture.The five most common pathogens were escherichia coli (22 cases,26.8％),group B streptococcus (GBS) (10 cases,12.2％),enterococcus faecium (8 cases,9.8％),coagulase-negative staphylococcus(8 cases,9.8％) and klebsiella pneumoniae (5 cases,6.1％).In early-onset patients,the main causative pathogens isolated from CSF were GBS (3 cases,18.8％) and enterococcus (3 cases,18.8％).Escherichia coli (20 cases,30.3％) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus (8 cases,12.1％) were the most common pathogens in late-onset patients.Gram-positive group and Gram-negative group had similar clinical presentation (P ＞ 0.05).The ratio of patients with blood C-reactive protein ＞ 8 mg/L in Gram-negative group was higher than that in Grampositive group (P ＜ 0.05).Those with Gram-negative bacterial meningitis had a higher incidence of hydrocephalus than Gram-positive (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The main pathogens of NPM are escherichia coli and GBS.Neonates with Gram-positive bacteria meningitis have similar clinical presentation with those with Gram-negative meningitis,but have different laboratory examination and complication characteristics.

Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the relationship of vitamin D level with the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 429 preterm infants with a gestational age of <36 weeks, who were admitted to the department of neonatology within 2 hours after birth between January and December, 2016, were enrolled in the study. According to whether these infants developed NEC, the 429 subjects were divided into NEC group (n=22) and non-NEC group (n=407). Peripheral venous blood was collected from these preterm infants and their mothers at admission to measure the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). The two groups were compared in terms of the serum 25-OHD levels of preterm infants and their mothers. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between the serum 25-OHD levels of preterm infants and their mothers. The distribution of vitamin D levels in preterm infants was compared between the two groups. The univariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for NEC in preterm infants.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum 25-OHD levels of preterm infants and their mothers in the NEC group were significantly lower than in the non-NEC group (P<0.001). In both groups, the serum 25-OHD levels of mothers and preterm infants were positively correlated with each other (P<0.001). The distribution of vitamin D levels (normal vitamin D level, low vitamin D level, vitamin D deficiency, and severe vitamin D deficiency) was significantly different between the NEC and non-NEC groups (P<0.001). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age, birth weight, 25-OHD levels of preterm infants and their mothers, the duration of mechanical ventilation, the duration of oxygen inhalation, and the length of hospital stay were associated with the development of NEC (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The serum 25-OHD levels of preterm infants and their mothers may be related to the development of NEC in preterm infants, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is important for preventing the development of NEC in preterm infants.</p>

Clinical Auditory Phenotypes Associated withGene Mutations in Familial Hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal Dysplasia Syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder primarily caused by haploinsufficiency of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) gene mutations, and hearing loss is the most frequent phenotypic feature. This study aimed at identifying the causative gene mutation for a three-generation Chinese family with HDR syndrome and analyzing auditory phenotypes in all familial HDR syndrome cases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three affected family members underwent otologic examinations, biochemistry tests, and other clinical evaluations. Targeted genes capture combining next-generation sequencing was performed within the family. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the causative mutation. The auditory phenotypes of all reported familial HDR syndrome cases analyzed were provided.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Chinese family 7121, a heterozygous nonsense mutation c.826C>T (p.R276*) was identified in GATA3. All the three affected members suffered from sensorineural deafness and hypocalcemia; however, renal dysplasia only appeared in the youngest patient. Furthermore, an overview of thirty HDR syndrome families with corresponding GATA3 mutations revealed that hearing impairment occurred earlier in the younger generation in at least nine familial cases (30%) and two thirds of them were found to carry premature stop mutations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study highlights the phenotypic heterogeneity of HDR and points to a possible genetic anticipation in patients with HDR, which needs to be further investigated.</p>

Distribution and typing of animal-derived Salmonella with MLST and serotype / 中国人兽共患病学报

To compare the discriminatory ability of multilocus sequence typing and serotype of animal-derived Salmonella and find its distribution in Shandong Province,78 chicken-origin,56 duck-origin and 20 swine-origin Salmonella were separated from some regions of Shandong Province.Seven conserve sequences of Salmonella were PCR-amplified for MLST and slide agglutination test for serotyping.Results showed that by serotyping,6 serotypes were identified from chicken-origin Salmonella,including 88.5％0 S.enteritidis,5.1％ S.indiana,2.6％ S.thompson,1.3％ S.typhimurium,1.3％ S.senftenberg,1.3％ S.agama.Two serotypes were identified from duck-origin Salmonella,including 67.9％ S.enteritidis,32.1％ S.ty phimurium.Three serotypes were identified from swine-origin Salmonella,including 65％ S.typhimurium,20％ S.derby,and 15％ S.enteritidis.By MLST typing,seven ST types were identified from chicken-origin Salmonella:ST11,ST19,ST26,ST128,ST14,ST17 and Newl.Three ST types were identified form duck-origin Salmonella:ST11,ST19 and New2.Three ST types were identified from swine-origin Salmonella:ST34,ST40 and ST3007.Overall,the types identified with two methods were closed,so MLST and serotype have similar discriminatory ability.

Distribution and typing of animal-derived Salmonella with MLST and serotype / 中国人兽共患病学报

To compare the discriminatory ability of multilocus sequence typing and serotype of animal-derived Salmonella and find its distribution in Shandong Province,78 chicken-origin,56 duck-origin and 20 swine-origin Salmonella were separated from some regions of Shandong Province.Seven conserve sequences of Salmonella were PCR-amplified for MLST and slide agglutination test for serotyping.Results showed that by serotyping,6 serotypes were identified from chicken-origin Salmonella,including 88.5％0 S.enteritidis,5.1％ S.indiana,2.6％ S.thompson,1.3％ S.typhimurium,1.3％ S.senftenberg,1.3％ S.agama.Two serotypes were identified from duck-origin Salmonella,including 67.9％ S.enteritidis,32.1％ S.ty phimurium.Three serotypes were identified from swine-origin Salmonella,including 65％ S.typhimurium,20％ S.derby,and 15％ S.enteritidis.By MLST typing,seven ST types were identified from chicken-origin Salmonella:ST11,ST19,ST26,ST128,ST14,ST17 and Newl.Three ST types were identified form duck-origin Salmonella:ST11,ST19 and New2.Three ST types were identified from swine-origin Salmonella:ST34,ST40 and ST3007.Overall,the types identified with two methods were closed,so MLST and serotype have similar discriminatory ability.

Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and early-onset neonatal sepsis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of vitamin D level on early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-eight full-term neonates with EOS were used as the research group (EOS group). sixty healthy full-term neonates without clinical and/or laboratory features related to infections were used as the control group. Blood samples of the neonates and their mothers in both groups were collected within 72 hours of delivery to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OHD) levels. The rate of vitamin D deficiency in the neonates and the level of 25-OHD supplemented to their mothers during pregnancy were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant positive correlation between the serum level of 25-OHD of the mothers and that of the neonates in both groups (EOS group: r=0.797, P<0.01; control group: r=0.929, P<0.01). The neonates and their mothers in the EOS group had significantly lower 25-OHD levels than those in the control group (P<0.01). The rate of vitamin D deficiency among the neonates in the EOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). The level of vitamin D supplemented to the mothers during the last 3 months of pregnancy in the EOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Low serum level of 25-OHD is associated with the development of early-onset sepsis in full-term neonates.</p>

Significance of cerebrospinal fluid lactate level in diagnosing neonatal bacterial meningitis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the significance of the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)lactate level in diagnosing neonatal bacterial meningitis(BM). Methods The CSF samples were collected from neonates admitted to Neonatal Ward of Children's Hospital of Fudan University between January 2014 and March 2015. CSF lactate and glucose con-centrations were measured with blood - gas analyzer. CSF and serum glucose levels were measured with glucometer. The enrolled neonates were divided into 2 groups based on CSF culture,CSF white blood cells(WBCs)and clinical presenta-tion:observation group(neonates with BM)and control group(neonates without BM). Statistical analysis of data was performed with Stata 12. 0. Results A total of 93 infants(16 assigned to observation group and 77 assigned to control group)met the inclusion criteria. Neonates in observation group had higher median CSF lactate level(4. 2 mmol/ L)and CSF lactate/ glucose ratio(L/ Gcsf)(2. 32 mmol/ L),than those in control group(1. 3 mmol/ L,0. 52),and there were significant differences(Z = - 6. 19,- 5. 92,all P ﹤ 0. 05). CSF glucose levels were lower in observation group(me-dian,1. 25 mmol/ L)than those in control group(median,2. 5 mmol/ L),and the difference was significant(Z = 4. 97, P ﹤ 0. 05);CSF/ serum glucose ratio(CSF/ Sglu)were lower in observation group(median,0. 44 vs 0. 81 in control group),and the difference was significant(Z = 4. 43,P ﹤ 0. 05). The optimal CSF lactate cutoff point of 2. 2 mmol/ L had a positive predictive value(PPV)of 72. 7% and negative predictive value(NPV)of 100. 0% for bacterial meningi-tis. The optimal L/ Gcsf cutoff point of 1. 24 had a PPV of 94. 1% and NPV of 100. 0% . The optimal CSF glucose cutoff point of 2. 0 mmol/ L had a PPV of 65. 0% and NPV of 95. 9% . The optimal CSF/ Sglu cutoff point of 0. 6 had a PPV of 60. 0% and a NPV of 96. 9% . Conclusion CSF lactate may be an excellent biomarker for early diagnosis of neo-natal BM.

Clinical and biological features of familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical and biological features of familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 66 FNMTC cases of 32 pedigrees was retrospectively analyzed, compared with that of 182 control cases taken randomly from the patients with sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma (SPTC), who were diagnosed and treated in Tianjin Cancer Hospital between January 2008 and November 2012. The features of FNMTC of the first and second generations were objectively analyzed. Some data quoted from the literature were also used for the analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age at diagnosis of all the 66 FNMTC patients was 44 years, and 57 (86.4%) were females. Moreover, 71.2% (47 patients, 23 pedigrees) of the FNMTC patients exhibited a sibling relationship, and 28.8% (19 patients, 9 pedigrees) of the FNMTC patients exhibited a parent-offspring relationship, and 9 cases in the first generation and 10 cases in the second generation. There were significant differences between the FNMTC group and SPTC group in terms of tumor multicentricity, tumor bilaterality, lymph node metastasis, central lymph node metastasis, concomitant chronic thyroiditis and recurrence (P < 0.05). Compared with SPTC, sibling FNMTC presented a higher rate of central lymph node metastasis, while parent-offspring FNMTC showed frequent tumor bilaterality and a higher rate of recurrence (P < 0.05). Besides, patients in the second generation were diagnosed at an earlier age and had a higher male rate, the tumors were more frequently multifocal and bilateral, and had a higher rate of lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FNMTC may be more aggressive than SPTC and patients in the second generation may exhibit the "anticipation" phenomenon. It's necessary to make sufficient detailed interrogation and long-term follow-up of the patients and their family for providing individual recommendations for clinical management.</p>

Expression of calcineurin in podocytes in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic nephropathy / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulation of calcineurin (CaN) by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in podocytes in vitro and in vivo at the stage microalbuminuria in diabetic nehropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The urinary albumin excretions of C57BLKS/J (Lepr) db/db and db/m mice at the ages of 6, 9, and 12 weeks were measured. The expressions of CaN and synaptopodin of these mice were observed. In immortalized mouse podocytes, the expression of podocyte CaN incubated with different concentrations of paltimate was quantitatively determined by real-time PCR. The changes of CaN incubated with paltimate with or without ursodeoxy-cholic acid (UDCA) were analyzed by confocal microscopy and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As urine protein increased, the expression of CaN was enhanced and the expression of synaptopodin was reduced in early stage DN db/db mice potocytes. In immortalized mouse podocytes, as the concentrations of palmitate increased, CaN mRNA increased. By confocal microscopy, the fluorescence intensity of CaN increased in palmitate treatment group. After co-incubation with palmitate and UDCA, the fluorescence intensity decreased. The similar results were shown by Western blotting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>At the stage of microalbuminuria in DN, ERS in podocytes up-regulates the expression of CaN.</p>

Chemical relationship study of aconitum soongaricum stapf based on HPLC fingerprint / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To compare the HPLC fingerprints Aconitum soongaricum Stapf. with Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., and another common radix aconite plant in Xinjiang, Aconitum leucostomum Worosch., and analyze the degree similarity between different fingerprints. METHODS: The HPLC fingerprint Aconitum soongaricum Stapf was established, and similarity analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were carried out for the common patterns, Aconitum soongaricum Stapf and Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., and Aconitum leucostomum Worosch. via the ChemPattem chemical fingerprint analysis system software solutions. RESULTS: The analysis showed that the similarities the mutual model reference fingerprints were higher between Aconitum soongaricum Stapf and Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. and between Aconitum leucostomum Worosch. and Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. CONCLUSION: It is preliminarily determined that Aconitum soongaricum Stapf in Xinjiang had higher similarity with the legal standard Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., which deserves further research and development.

Transcellular transport characteristics of huperzine alone or in combination with ginkgolide B across Caco-2 and Madin-Darby canine kidney cell monolayer

OBJECTIVE@#To study the various processes involved in transcellular transport (TT) of huperzine A alone or in combination with ginkgolide B in Caco-2 and Madin-Darby canine renal (MDCK) cell monolayer.@*METHODS@#The transepithelial passage was assayed in the apical-to-basolateral (AP to BL) direction and opposite direction (BL to AP) in both cell lines. The determination of huperzine A and ginkgolide B were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The passage rates of huperzine A and ginkgolide B were calculated. Bi-directional TT (absorption and secretion) were taken in huperzine A and ginkgolide B in Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayer.@*RESULTS@#TT absorption and secretion kinetics of huperzine A and ginkgolide B across two cells existed at the same time. The passage rates of huperzine A were increased significantly with adding different concentrations of ginkgolide B.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The compound preparations of HA in combination with GB for dementia caused by cerebral ischemic have synergistic effects on the pharmacodynamics, and improve the bioavailability through BBB.

Effect of insulin treatment on cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer′s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic agents on cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer′s disease(AD) and diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods We retrospectively reviewed 135 cases of AD patients with type2 DM(T2DM) admitted to our hospital between March 2011 and March 2013. According to drug use , they were randomly divided into two groups , oral hypoglycemic drug group ( group A, 65 cases ) and insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic drug group (group B,70 cases).After 12 months of follow-up, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score by Folstein et al and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) were used to assess their cognitive function .Results After 12 months of treatment , the MMSE score decreased significantly in group A ( P=0.000), but not in group B(P=0.281).Also, CGI-C scores showed significant deterioration for all domains after 12 months in group A vs group B(P=0.001).Conclusion Insulin therapy can effectively slow down the decline of cognitive function in patients with AD .

Transcellular transport characteristics of huperzine alone or in combination with ginkgolide B across Caco-2 and Madin-Darby canine kidney cell monolayer

Objective: To study the various processes involved in transcellular transport (TT) of huperzine A alone or in combination with ginkgolide B in Caco-2 and Madin-Darby canine renal (MDCK) cell monolayer. Methods: The transepithelial passage was assayed in the apical-to-basolateral (AP to BL) direction and opposite direction (BL to AP) in both cell lines. The determination of huperzine A and ginkgolide B were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The passage rates of huperzine A and ginkgolide B were calculated. Bi-directional TT (absorption and secretion) were taken in huperzine A and ginkgolide B in Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayer. Results: TT absorption and secretion kinetics of huperzine A and ginkgolide B across two cells existed at the same time. The passage rates of huperzine A were increased significantly with adding different concentrations of ginkgolide B. Conclusions: The compound preparations of HA in combination with GB for dementia caused by cerebral ischemic have synergistic effects on the pharmacodynamics, and improve the bioavailability through BBB.

Clinical and biological characteristics and the diagnosis and management of poorly-differentiated thyroid carcinoma / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the clinical and biological characteristics of PDTC (poorly-differentiated thyroid carcinoma) and the appropriate diagnosis and management. Methods: The clinical records of 35 hospitalized patients with PDTC (poorly-differentiated thyroid carcinoma) admitted between January 2007 and December 2011 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The followed-up was conducted. Meanwhile, 1 485 hospitalized patients with DTC (differentiated thyroid carcinoma) were also collected as the controls. The clinical and biological characteristics between 35 PDTC patients and 1 485 DTC patients were compared. Results: The primary tumor size (P = 0.005), blood vessel invasion (P = 0.001), clinical TNM staging (P = 0.002) and recurrence (P = 0.007) were significantly different between 35 PDTC patients and 1 485 DTC patients. Of 12 PDTC patients with vessel invasion, 4 had intravascular tumor thrombi, 2 had lung metastasis, 1 had liver and bone metastases. The age, gender, multifocality, esophageal invasion, recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion, lymphatic metastasis and serum thyroid stimulating hormone level were not significantly different between 35 PDTC patients and 1 485 DTC patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: PDTC is a highly malignant form of thyroid carcinoma which usually presents at advanced T stage and TNM stage, with high rates of blood vessel invasion, recurrence and distant metastasis. Diagnostic accuracy can be improved via preoperative fine needle aspiration of thyroid and pathology as well as clinical TNM staging and risk evaluation guided by ultrasonography. Furthermore, personalized, functional and multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies should be performed to improve the prognosis of patients with PDTC. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

HPTLC fingerprint analysis of Aconitum herbals in Xinjiang / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPTLC fingerprint of Aconitum plants in Xinjiang and to carry out similarity comparison, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. METHODS: Using high performance thin layer silica gel G plate, n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol (6.4:3.6:1) as developer, diluted bismuth potassium iodide solution as colour-developing agent, of the HPTLC fingerprints were obtained. The common pattern was explored by chemical fingerprint analysis system software. Similarity analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were carried out. RESULTS: The conditions for thin layer chromatography were optimized, the spots were clear, and the separation was good; similarity analysis showed that Xinjiang Aconitum had some differences in chemical composition between different plant species, which can be broadly divided into three categories. Aconitum leucostomum Wo-rosch. and Aconitum apetalum (Huth) B. Fedtsch. had high similarity with Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. and Aconitum kusnezojfii Reichb. CONCLUSION: The established thin-layer chromatographic fingerprints have laid the methodological foundation for the study of the fingerprint of Xinjiang Aconitum plants. Aconitum leucostomum Worosch, which is a widely distributed and abundantly reserved Aconitum species in Xinjiang, has potential medicinal value and similarity with Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. and Aconitum kus-nezoffii Reichb. Which have national quality standard, and is worthy of further studies.

Clinical analysis of 498 papillary thyroid carcinoma cases at cNo stage / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the status of the cervical lymphatic metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)at cNo stage and tumor recurrence and the patient' s prognosis.Methods The clinical data of 498 cNo PTC patients admitted from 1986 to 1990 were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the patients were followed up for more than 10 years.16 patients died of PTC,among them 3 for metastasis,13 for local recurrence.The total cervical lymphatic metastasis rate in these 498 patients was 52.2％,in 260 cases in which detailed data were available: rate was 14.1％ in zone Ⅱ,27.1％ in zone Ⅲ,24.6％ in zone Ⅳ,12.5％ in zone Ⅴ,and 20.1％ in zone Ⅵ respectively.According to the appearances of microscopic pathology,the cervical lymphatic metastasis rates in 498 cases of cNo PTC were collected as following: uncapsuled group was 65.6％,extracapsular group was 64.5％,extralobal group was 56.5％,involved the surrounding tissue and structure group was 52.0％,focal cancerous focus group was 33.3％,latent sclerosis group was 26.9％,encapsuled and introcapsule group was 0.The cervical recurrence rate was only 2％ in the complete function neck dissection group and 9.9％ in the selective center neck dissection group.Conclusions In cNo PTC the most common cause of death was local recurrence.Prophylactic function complete neck dissection should be performed for cNo PTC cases of highly invasive type such as without tumor capsule,extracapsular,extralobal or surrounding tissue invasion.